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The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy and the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and India, by Raoul McLaughlin
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Review
"Investigating how the Roman Empire functioned, and particularly how it paid its enormous military costs, McLaughlin argues that the answer lies outside the Mediterranean and western part of Europe to which most classical historians limit their view. He contends that the Roman Empire belonged to an ancient world economy that stretched thousands of miles across the Indian Ocean and that significant commercial contacts linked Roman subjects with their distant counterparts in east Africa, southern Arabia, and the kingdoms of ancient India. He confirms these trade exchanges by source testimony from many different cultures and numerous archaeological finds." (ProtoView)
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About the Author
Dr Raoul McLaughlin was educated at Lagan College, the first Integrated School in Northern Ireland. He studied Archaeology and Ancient History at Queen’s University Belfast before completing a Master’s degree and then a PhD in the study of trade beyond Rome’s eastern frontiers. He lives in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland.
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Product details
Paperback: 304 pages
Publisher: Pen and Sword Military; Reprint edition (June 14, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1526738074
ISBN-13: 978-1526738073
Product Dimensions:
6.1 x 0.9 x 9.1 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.6 out of 5 stars
42 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#339,488 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
While this book provides a welcomed insight into the far-reaching economy of the Roman Empire, I do have some issues with it. My major concern is with how McLaughlin arrived at his estimate for the empire's revenues. He uses "snapshot" data to determine yearly revenue for the first two hundred years of the empire. By "snapshot" I mean that the author picks pieces of data from disparate points in time and regions in the empire and assumes that this data applies across the empire for two hundred years. I find this highly questionable. He then goes on to state that the 25% tax on imports made up one-third of the empire's revenue. However, with the figures for the tax income from other sources being so tenuous, this statement is also questionable.Regardless of these issues, the book contains a great deal of valuable information. The author details Roman trade across the Mediterranean to Egypt, Arabia, Yemen, Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, and even China (to use the modern names). He also clearly explicates the huge trade imbalance that existed between the empire and eastern kingdoms. Roman society coveted the spices, incenses, jewels, and ivory available in the East, but the empire had no comparable goods valued by eastern kingdoms except silver and gold. This meant that bullion was constantly drained from the empire, a situation that was only tenable as long as the mines were operating and/or new sources could be discovered. He then details how this very fragile arrangement was destroyed by the fifteen-year Antonine Plague. The plague not only decimated the Roman Empire (one-third or more of the population and legionaries may have died or been permanently incapacitated), but threw the entire trade system into chaos. Kingdom after kingdom in the East fell and the Roman Empire was invaded by "barbarians" who were not as severely affected by the plague.The modern world tends to believe that it created global trade in the 18th century. As McLaughlin shows, the Roman Empire had a robust trade system that encompassed Europe, Africa from the Horn north, and a great deal of Asia. The variety of goods and the lengths empire merchants went to obtain them, is truly staggering. And the fragility of the system should make us consider our own economic systems since our economies are even more interconnected.
Fascinating, well researched publication of what is rarely discussed in many historical material about the Roman Republic/Empire period. In particular I am enthralled by the descriptions of the trade routes via the Indian Ocean which more than doubled the empire's wealth, and the quite fascinating bureaucratic/ administrative organisation of the empire, including its clever taxation system, that ensured the longevity of a quite extraordinary realm. Still only half way through a marvellous book that I would recommend to anyone wanting a deeper knowledge of how the Roman/Republic was able to survive almost a thousand years and then pass the baton of knowledge to the Byzantium Empire, and even influence so much of our modern world.
Very interesting and entertaining. I was unaware the Romans had reached China by sea (to what is now Haiphong, Vietnam) rather than overland. The economics are stressed (particularly Rome's negative balance of silver outflow) but the stories of Dead Sea "balm" and not-counterfeit Indian-made Roman coinage are fascinating. Can be slightly repetitive, but well written, obviously very well researched, and a good read. Highly recommended.
Wow! Overload of data and information. Much could have organized into tables; maps should have been included.Difficult for average reader to stick with it to the end. Appendices are very worthwhile. Very useful for serious research of Roman history.
You can study history through many different lenses to focus on different aspects of what happened. Author McLaughlin goes into great detail about the economics of the Roman Empire, using a mix of hard economic data and anecdotes. He talks about both the big picture of how Rome worked as an empire, and how individual Romans lived. That's the best of both worlds. We're given a reason to care about why the big picture mattered without getting bogged down in minor points about how "those guys really loved pepper". The focus here is on the first and second centuries CE, the peak of trade.The book gets a little repetitive at times. But parts of it read like an adventure story! We get to see how Roman traders explored farther and farther into the Indian Ocean, and what they thought about the specific ports they established or made contact with. For instance, what was it like being a caravan guard riding east of the Nile: what were you guarding, where did you rest, who was funding it, what kind of equipment did you have? This book covers that sort of question while explaining why it all mattered. We see Roman trade and luxury at their height, and then why and how it went wrong.I read this book while actually visiting Pompeii and Rome, so it helped give me a feel for how people actually lived in these dusty ruins I was looking at. Great work.
This is a really well written history of the Roman Empire from a completely different perspective. Very well researched, it brings in aspects of the ancient world that are often overlooked by authors who are more focused on what happened within the geographic boundaries of the empire and the wars it fought rather than the world that it was a part of. Highly recommended for anyone who is familiar with the history of the Roman republic and empire
One of my favorites books is the The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Its author, Sir Edward Gibbons, mentions a Roman embassy to the Han Empire in China in AD 166. That fact always fascinated me and made me wonder. How much the Ancient Civilizations knew each other and how much contact happened between them?Wonder no more. Raoul Maclauhlin answered my questions and, as befit a good read, made me ask new ones.This is a great read.
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